Hi Viraj,

you did bring up a good point. Validation can occur at multiple stages along the manufacturing process. Your prospective validation example is relevant to the kind of validation that should occur while to ensure that the process is capable of producing an output that meets your inputs. The other example of validation that I encountered is retrospective validation. This type of validation occurs when an incident occur, or the original validation is not valid anymore, therefore the manufacturer have to conduct the validation one more time to close the gap although that equipment or process may still be used.