I work in Industry currently so I’ll talk a little about the pros and cons of research on that side of the spectrum. There are definitely some pros such as working on more feasible and short-term projects which may be able to go from an idea to the hands of the customer in 5-10 years after all the design flaws have been handled and all pre-clinical/clinical trials have been conducted. So in terms of instant gratification you would be more regularly fulfilled in Industry after meeting your important deadlines. On the other hand Industry is centered heavily on deadlines and there may be more pressure to be strict on the dates. Managers want to see results from their employees and do not like being told a project is delayed or experiencing difficulties staying under budget. Also, I have some experience with the FDA and their regulations behind making sure every product is held to a certain standard. Even if the simplest design input is to be changed slightly, there may need to be a formal design change conducted and approved by many different departments such as quality, regulatory, and operations, among others to ensure no new risk is being introduced and the change will be a net positive result. In this way, there are a lot of hurdles to jump through when completing a project in industry.