Personally, I do not agree with either statement made above. First, I am sure there are medical devices which have failed to improve human well-being or have even backfired and caused unintentional harm during clinical trials. Perhaps the metal being used in an implant elicited a reaction from the body and the immune system rejected the foreign body. Medical devices may be simpler in the possible reactions and side effects which can occur, but can still be dangerous. Meanwhile in terms of pharmaceutical drugs, I think the whole basis of western medicine is heavily reliant on the use of drugs to combat illnesses and improve human well-being. There wouldn’t be any market for these drugs if patients did not receive some sort of benefit. Everything from vaccinations against certain diseases, to anti-inflammatory drugs for simple pain relief, to anti-coagulants for preventing blood clotting, are all examples of simple to complex benefits from drugs. Now if a company believes they have an effective drug solution they still need to test extensively on humans, since we can have very different reactions and tolerances than animals. The trials will help identify any side-effects and determine the effective dosage to produce the optimal effect.