I agree to some parts of some posts above that it's important to divide work equally. But I think it depends situation and type of project. For class projects, all students are deemed equal so it's more fair to quantitatively divide project in 6 equal parts. Expectations from each students are equal. They may choose to take on parts voluntarily and during the process and of course during final meeting it's very important to educate/inform others and have coherent project. 

On the other hand, if its a company based project, it's not always possible to quantitatively divide workload. This is where experience, expertise, and managing comes in. This is how different departments were created. For example, one medical device project can have research team, project managers, financial/accounting team, marketing team etc. Even within research/engineering team, it's possible to divide work according to mechanical parts, electrical parts or other necessary expertise. In a broader sense, dividing project equally among all members is not possible for successful completion of project. Nevertheless, it's ideal for each person/team to be aware of the responsibilities of other tam/team members for their own advantage. For example, for an engineer, having some basic preliminary knowledge of regulatory or cost of materials can help to choose FDA approved cost efficient material for their project before going through final round of approval and not face rejection from other teams. In case where they don't know, a quick communication can help. 

The first example from the original poster seems ideal and efficient in getting the job done successfully. The more to bounce concise ideas and experience around with each other, the better the result. Although, if an individual was well-versed on the requirements needed to complete their part of the project, then that could work to make the project a success. All in all, I would assess where each individual stands in their capabilities in completing their section of the project and adjust accordingly.

Consistent efficiency should be the ideal reasons behind dividing workload. Knowing the expertise, experience, and compatibility of your team to the project or process at hand does not mean proper resource allocation. As a project manager, I need to evaluate how important the due date of deliverable is and the cost-benefit of each due date, and the continuous cost to reach that date deliverable.

Here's an example. I have 5 chefs. Each are experts and highly experienced. However, there are only three main tasks, and each can only accommodate one chef. That means two experts won't be needed. You don't want to distribute work just because of their expertise. Having 5 chefs will drain resources unnecessarily. The limiting factor is the amount of tasks.

Another example is if I have a good chef that can perform task A in one hour and a bad chef that can perform task A in three hours. The other difference is that the good chef costs three times the amount of the bad chef. We need to finish task A in three hours. We do not need the good chef, because the value of his productivity compared to the bad chef means nothing in the context of the due date of the deliverable.

In other words, assigning team members based on their expertise and experience can actually be a bad decision based on the resource allocation and due date of deliverables. This is something PM should keep in mind.

In my experience, and I am sure as well in everyone's, divvying up the work is the most common way to complete a group project. This method seems like the easiest way to get a large project done efficiently as each member can work on their own time, allowing for greater flexibility in the case that not all members can work simultaneously.
But I actually think it would be interesting to evaluate the efficacy of the second method, everyone working on the same part at once. I find that in some cases when everyone is working on different parts of the project, "tunnel vision" can occur, where each member can sometimes become engrossed in only the part of the project they have worked on, neglecting the other parts. This can lead to a less-than desirable situations where if there is a presentation, and group can not be present for one reason or another, the other members of the group are left without a crucial part of their project. However this could be circumvented by making sure everyone checks in and understands the project in its entirety throughout the course of the project. An additional problem that can arise from this method is when one or more members fail to complete or adequately complete their part of the project. This can be especially detrimental when certain areas of the project build off one another. But it could be intriguing to see if having everyone work on the entire project together could diminished these drawbacks, and if it would be worth the potential lose in efficiency.

Work should be split by a person’s interest and experience, this allows for the work to be enjoyable. I think the 2nd example is a better way of splitting work. The first way of splitting work seems over-complicated, as it might be hard for multiple people to work on one section at the same time. It’s hard to do cohesive work as a group for small parts because it’s easy to get caught up in details. It’s easier if one person does one section, and then the other members can review it, give feedback, and revise. This makes the collaborative process easier and less time consuming. Plus, everyone in the group should be going through all the work at the end anyway, to ensure that the work comes out coherent.

In addition, members of the group should brainstorm the flow of the work, sources, and ideas before starting the work. This way, everyone's on the same page about how they're approaching their work. Plus, members of the group that are having trouble with their part can always reach out to the others to help them. This just illustrates that there are multiple ways for the work to come out coherent rather than having multiple people work on a small section at once.  

I prefer the first working method for a project. I understand that every team member has their own expertise region. Giving tasks they are good at is a reasonable way to improve the working process. But the most project requires members to finish their jobs one after one. For example, making the design input document is earlier than most tasks. So the member responsible for the DID needs to finish their jobs earlier than others. However, it will take a lot of time to communicate and modify the document if the document is finished by oneself without discussion. Working in a smaller group for discussion helps make changes and saves time while having a reviewing meeting.

I believe, each member should be in charge of one part of the project. However, the parts should be distributed based on the strengths of the members themselves. It is hard to work in teams because they all have different approaches and sometimes it creates conflict within the team. But, if a job is assigned to you based on what you do best, the project will run smoothly and more efficiently. Because the personnel assigned to that task already has some experience with the work. 

In dividing the workload, I think it would be most beneficial to split the project into smaller projects. From there, each person should work on an individual part rather than working on the same part with someone else. Through doing this, the work would be evenly distributed, and since each person is in a smaller group, everyone is being held accountable to ensure that their work is completed. Also, since the team is split into smaller groups, each member will be able to communicate with their teams and help discuss problems that they face in their assignments and in the project. The concern with having a small group working on the same assignment is that it could potentially result in one person doing more work than the rest of the group. Additionally, the issue with having each member complete an assignment in the larger group is that it is more difficult to reach out for help if it is needed. It is also tougher to communicate ideas with a larger team, so it could hinder the influx of new ideas. 

In my opinion, I tend to favor that each person has their own individual section than creating groups to divide up the work. In a group there always tends to be people that tend to carry more of the workload than others, which tends to cause a strain on the group. I feel that by splitting the group into teams of two, there might tend to be more frustrations that could arise unless each person is putting in each amounts of effort. Since group work is unavoidable, even in the field, I would rather choose to have a portion that I focus on solely so that there is no confusion on who is responsible for the specific sections or testing procedures. I would say unless the sections are similar, working on the parts individually and then having meetings to improve upon the report is better. 

The way that works is divided among members in a group project depends on several factors, including the size of the group, the complexity of the project, and the strengths and weaknesses of each team member. There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, but here are some factors to consider when dividing work:

Assign work based on skills and strengths which means considering the individual strengths and weaknesses of each team member and assigning tasks that align with their skills and interests. For example, a team member who is particularly skilled in research might be assigned the task of gathering information and data.

Foster collaboration: Encourage teamwork and collaboration by assigning tasks that involve multiple team members working together. For example, team members might work together to develop an outline, create a visual presentation, or conduct a survey.

Create smaller sub-teams: Divide the work into smaller parts and assign sub-teams to work on each piece. This can help to ensure that the workload is distributed evenly and that each team member is contributing to the success of the project.

Allow for flexibility: Be open to adjusting the assignments as needed based on the changing needs of the project. Team members may need to switch tasks or work together on a different aspect of the project as the project progresses.

Ultimately, the best approach for dividing work in a group project will depend on the specific circumstances of each project. The goal should be to divide the work in a way that leverages the strengths of each team member, promotes collaboration and teamwork, and ensures that the workload is distributed evenly.